AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel Practice Test 2026 (Open Book) - Free Welding Code Practice Questions and Study Guide

The choice of submerged arc welding (SAW) as the welding process typically used for thick multi-pass applications is grounded in its design and capabilities. SAW processes utilize a continuous solid or tubular wire electrode fed automatically into the weld pool, which is covered by a layer of granular flux. This flux provides several advantages, particularly when working with thicker materials.

One of the key benefits of SAW is its ability to produce deep and wide welds, making it particularly effective for joining thick sections of steel. This process allows for high deposition rates, which is essential for achieving the necessary weld strength and integrity in multi-pass applications. Additionally, SAW's ability to maintain a stable arc under the flux layer results in good control over the heat input and the cooling rate, reducing the likelihood of distortion and thermal stresses in the material.

Moreover, SAW is often carried out in a flat or horizontal position, which is ideal for many structural applications, enabling efficient multi-pass welding without the need for repositioning the work. The automated nature of the SAW process also adds to its consistency and reliability in producing strong, high-quality welds across multiple layers.

In contrast, the other welding processes—GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding), SMAW (Shield